SO, TOO, NEITHER AND EITHE

How to use so, too, neither, and either in auxiliary?

1.      'So do I' and 'neither do I'

I use 'so do I' to say that a positive sentence is also true for me, and I use 'neither do I' to say that a negative sentence is also true for me:

·         John: I hate mushrooms.

·         Me: So do I (=I also hate mushrooms).

·         Lucy: I don't live in London.

·         Me: Neither do I (=I also don't live in London.

For example, maybe Lucy and I both live in Paris).

This is often used as a reply to someone else in a conversation, but both sentences can also be said by the same person, and even joined together:

·         Me: Elizabeth loves coffee. So do I.

·         Me: Harry doesn't play the piano and neither do I.

In my examples above, I use 'do' because the first sentence is in the present simple tense. The verb after 'so' or 'neither' changes depending on the tense of the verb in the first sentence.

 (This is very similar to tag questions).

Present simple: use 'do / does'	Lucy likes coffee. So do I. Lucy doesn't like coffee. Neither do I.
Present simple with 'be': use 'am / is / are'	John's at the office. So am I. John isn't at the office. Neither am I.
Present continuous: use 'am / is / are'	Luke's going out tonight. So am I. Luke isn't going out tonight. Neither am I.
Past Simple: use 'did'	Jill went to the cinema yesterday. So did I. Jill didn't go to the cinema yesterday. Neither did I.
Past simple with 'be': use 'was / were'	She was at the library. So was I. She wasn't at the library. Neither was I.
Present perfect: use 'have / has'	They've been to Colombia. So have I. They haven't been to Colombia. Neither have I.
Future simple: use 'will'	Edward will be at the cafe later. So will I. Edward won't be at the cafe later. Neither will I.
Modal verbs: repeat the modal verb	He would like a cup of tea. So would I. He wouldn't like a cup of tea. Neither would I. Emma can speak Russian. So can I. Emma can't speak Russian. Neither can I.

2.      What about 'too' and 'either'?

We can also use 'I do too' and 'I don't either', which mean the same as 'so do I' and 'neither do I':

·         John: I hate mushrooms.

·         Me: I do too (=I also hate mushrooms).

·         Lucy: I don't live in London.

·         Me: I don't either (=I also don't live in London).

The verb changes in the same way as with 'so do I' and 'neither do I' (remember you need a negative verb with 'either'):

·         Present simple: John's at the office. I am too.

·         Present continuous:     Luke isn't going out tonight. I'm not either.

·         Present perfect:           They've been to Colombia. I have too.

·         Modal verbs:   Emma can't speak Russian. I can't either.

3.      'Me too' and 'me neither':

We can also use 'me too' and 'me neither'. 'Me too' has the same meaning as 'so + auxiliary verb + I' and 'me neither' has the same meaning as 'neither + auxiliary verb + I'. 'Me too' and 'me neither' are very informal:

·         John: I hate mushrooms.

·         Me: Me too (=I also hate mushrooms).

·         Lucy: I don't live in London.

·         Me: Me neither (=I also don't live in London).

Subjects other than 'I':

Of course, we can also use these expressions to talk about what's true for other people, not just ourselves:

·         John: I hate mushrooms.

·         Me: So does Laura / Laura does too / Laura too.

·         Lucy: I don't live in London.

·         Me: Neither does David / David doesn't either / David neither.

Some more examples:

·         We live in London and so do they.

·         Emma loves tennis. Jill and Laura do too.

·         My parents don't come here often. Neither does Alex.

·         She isn't French and neither is he.

·         You don't like cold weather. Neither do we.

IN AUXILIARY SOO, TOO, NEITHER, EITHER

Ø  SO

SO is used to show agreement with positive statements.

SO + Auxiliary + Subject (pronoun)

The Auxiliary needs to agree with the verb tense in the original statement. It is similar to using TOO at the end of a sentence.

Person A	Person B
I am happy.	So am I.	= I am happy too.
I'm going to Brazil in the summer.	So am I.	= I am going to Brazil too.
You look nice today.	So do you.	= you look nice too.
Stephanie has a new boyfriend.	So does Mary.	= Mary has a new one too.
We went to the concert last night.	So did I.	= I went to the concert too.
I would love a coffee right now.	So would I.	= I would love a coffee too.
He will win a prize.	So will I.	= I will win one too.
They have finished their homework.	So have I.	= I have finished too.
I can speak two languages.	So can I.	= I can speak two too.
He should study more.	So should I.	= I should study more too.
We could see the mountains.	So could we.	= We could see them too.
My brother had eaten too much.	So had I.	= I had eaten too much too.

Ø  NEITHER

Neither is used to show agreement with negative statements.

Neither + Auxiliary + Subject (pronoun)

The Auxiliary needs to agree with the verb tense in the original statement.

It is similar to using either at the end of a sentence, although Neither is more commonly used, especially in spoken English.

A: I don't understand Spanish.

B: Neither do I. (= I don't understand Spanish either.)

A: I cannot swim.

B: Neither can I. (= I can't swim either.)

Sometimes people respond Me Neither instead of Neither + Auxiliary + Subject though this is very informal spoken English.

Person A	Person B
I am not hungry.	Neither am I.	= I'm not hungry either
I'm not going to quit.	Neither am I.	= I'm not going to quit either
They don't speak French.	Neither do I.	= I don't speak French either.
Stephanie doesn't eat meat.	Neither does Mary.	= Mary doesn't eat meat either.
Mary didn't go to the party.	Neither did I.	= I didn't go either.
I wouldn't like to do his job.	Neither would I.	= I wouldn't like to do it either.
He won't stop talking.	Neither will you.	= You won't stop either.
You haven't finished your meal.	Neither have you.	= You haven't finished either.
Mike can't reach the top shelf.	Neither can I.	= I can't reach it either.
You shouldn't talk in the movie.	Neither should you.	= You shouldn't talk either.
We couldn't hear him.	Neither could we.	= We couldn't hear him either.
I hadn't seen her before.	Neither had I.	= I hadn't seen her before either.